10Things You Should Know about Genetics

1. Gyrase : relieves any tension from the unwinding of the double helix.
2. Helicase: breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two complementary parent strands together, resulting in an unzipped helix that terminates at the replication fork.
3. SS binding proteins: anneal to the newly exposed template strands, preventing them from reannealing.
4. primase: lays down RNA primers that will be used by DNA polymerase 3 as a starting point to build the new complementary strands.
5.  polymerase 3: builds the new DNA strand after primase
6. polymerase 1: replace RNA primers with appropriate  DNA
7. DNA polymerase 1 and 3 proofread by excising incorrectly paired nucleotides at the end of the complementary strand and adding the correct nucleotides.
8. leading strand: pointing to the fork
9. lagging strand: pointing away from the fork
10. the replication of the leading strand is continuous, the replication of the lagging strand is discontinuous, forming okazaki fragment.