some bio vercabs

1. London force: the attraction between two rapidly fluctuating, temporary dipoles. Of significance only if atoms are very close together. Here's an animation of it

Graphic from http://www2.gasou.edu/chemdept/general/molecule/forces.htm

• The movement of electrons within the electron cloud cause temporary electron imbalances (self-polarization)
• The resultant instantaneous dipole will induce polarization in neighboring molecules
• The magnitude of self-polarization increases with increasing numbers of electrons

2.  Germ cells: The eggs and sperm are the germ cells: the reproductive cells. Each mature germ cell is haploid in that it has a single set of 23 chromosomes containing half the usual amount of DNA and half the usual number of genes.

3. alleles:

An allele is an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. These DNA codings determine distinct traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. The process by which alleles are transmitted was discovered by Gregor Mendel and formulated in what is known as Mendel's law of segregation.

4. genomes:

the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism; "the human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs"

5. eukaryotes:

Eukaryotes are organisms with a cell nucleus.

The basic eukaryotic cell contains the following:

1. plasma membrane
2. glycocalyx (components external to the plasma membrane)
3. cytoplasm (semifluid)
4. cytoskeleton - microfilaments and microtubules that suspend organelles, give shape, and allow motion
5. presence of characteristic membrane enclosed subcellular organelles

6. prokaryotes:

Prokaryotes are organisms without a cell nucleus, or indeed any other membrane-bound organelles, in most cases unicellular (in rare cases, multicellular).

7. cell cycles: The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself. Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle, and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow, and to replace cells as they grow worn out. In animals, the whole cell cycle takes around 24 hours from start to finish. Some cells, such as skin cells, are constantly going through the cell cycle, while other cells may divide rarely, if at all; neurons, for example, don't grow and divide once they are mature.

8. Functional groups:

functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

9.messenger RNA (mRNA)

A molecule of RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis. mRNA is transcribed from a gene and then translated by ribosomes in order to manufacture a protein. Each set of three bases, called codons, specifies a certain protein in the sequence of amino acids that comprise the protein. The sequence of a strand of mRNA is based on the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA. 

10.  cleavage furrow:

A groove formed from the cell membrane in a dividing cell as the contractile ring tightens.